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[转载]大摩JPM垄断操纵大宗商品(黄金)衍生品市场&&花旗将是下一个AIG?

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在所有美国商业银行持有大宗商品(衍生品)总量中,大摩JPM在一季度占比飙升至96%,绝对是垄断市场!为什么OCC决定将黄金与外汇合并、而实际抹掉了黄金衍生品的细目列表?花旗银行N.A.在去年三季度场外掉期敞口迅猛飙升20%,而且衍生品名义总额突然比控股集团还多,在这巨额杠杆的幕后,究竟有什么在发生? 千帆竞发的网易博客 
  

相关博文:   伦敦鲸覆灭全解析--摩根大通巨亏背后的美帝真实意图 
      有什么大事将要发生——死人不说话jpMorgan大摩永不倒   

   

  前些时候有网文认为,中国A股市值占GDP比例(虚拟资产/实体经济)达到110%已经太高了,因为美股市值占美国GDP比例也才只有160%。但别忘了,美国资本市场(虚拟资产)还有大量的OTC产品没有被计算在内(主要是场外期权、互换、和CDS,尽管CDS规模已比07年萎缩了很多),所以美国的虚拟资产/实体经济之比例是相当惊人的!  
  最近热点博文:戏说A股201506上半月——周末股市消息太诡异 
   谁在恶意做空A股——粗暴、迂腐、无能的股市监管?   

   

★大摩JPM垄断(操纵)商品衍生品市场的最新证据  
  (2015-06-29)    千帆竞发 
  多年以来一直都有猜测、谣言和传闻,说是大摩JPM(摩根大通)已经垄断了美国大宗商品市场。如今,我们终于有了记录在册的证明。
For years there had been speculation, rumor and hearsay that JPM had cornered the US commodities market. Now, finally, we have documented proof.
    
* * *
  
  通常,我们查看OCC美国货币监查署(Office of the Currency Comptroller)的银行衍生品活动季度报告,来看看哪家银行在美国(市场)持有最大规模的衍生品名义头寸总量。原因在于,像过去经常发生的那样,我们发现了一些惊人的结果,比如最近在1月份我们发现,花旗集团第一次超越大摩JPM 成为美国衍生品总额规模最大的银行,略高于70万亿美元,相比之下,长久以来霸主JPM摩根大通在2014年三季度敞口为65.3万亿美元,这也解释了为什么花旗集团起草了综合法案中的互换业务排它辞令。
Traditionally, we look at the OCC's Quarterly Bank Report on derivatives activities to see which was the largest bank in the US in terms of total notional derivative holdings. The reason being that like on frequent occasions in the past, we find some stunning  results, such as most recently in January when we wrote that, for the first time, Citigroup had eclipsed JPM as the largest US bank in total derivatives, with just over $70 trillion compared to perennial megabank JPM's $65.3 trillion as of the third quarter of 2014, explaining also why Citigroup had drafted the Swaps push out language in the Omnibus Bill. 
  
  虽然这一次在合并总数层面没有激动人心的报告(彭博社早先已经报道了,大摩JPM在第四季度超过花旗、只是让花旗(今年一月份)再一次成为世界上(持有)衍生品总额最大的银行,56.6万亿美元,超过大摩JPM的56.2万亿和高盛的52万亿美元),而事实上衍生品市场的名义总额从四季度220.4万亿美元猛降到一季度203.1万亿美元,是2008年以来的最低水平。
And while this time there was little exciting to report at the consolidated level (JPM overtook Citi in Q4 only for Citi to once again become the world's largest bank in total derivatives with $56.6 trillion compared to $56.2 trillion for JPM and $52 trillion for Goldman as Bloomberg reported earlier), and in fact total notional derivatives tumbled from $220.4 trillion in Q4 to $203.1 trillion in Q1 the lowest level since 2008...  

  
  …然而当查看内在分项数据时,绝对令人震惊的大片浮现出来
... an absolutely shocking blockbuster emerges when looking at the underlying component data.  
  
  请看,图示12:按到期分类的商品合约名义金额,即使(对市场异常行为熟视无睹的)CFTC监管官员也将能够发现下图绘制的异常值
Presenting Exhibit 12: Notional Amounts of Commodity Contracts by Maturity: even a CFTC regulator would be able to spot the outlier charted below.
    
    
  上面图表显示的是,到期期限小于1年的大宗商品(衍生品)金额,在过去5年一直处于小2000亿美元范围波动,却在一季度爆发到创纪录的3.9万亿美元!
What the chart above shows is that after fluctuating around the low to mid $200 billion range for the past 5 years, in Q1 the amount of Commodities with a maturity of under 1 year exploded to a record $3.9 trillion!  
  
  可悲的是,OCC没有提供任何实际解释,为什么美国银行体系的大宗商品衍生品在一季度有这么一个史诗般的飙升,我们只好自行探索。
Sadly, the OCC provides no actual explanation for why there was such an epic surge in commodity derivatives within the US banking system in the first quarter, so we decided to explore.  
    
  
  我们发现的是,正如多年以来指责大摩JPM操纵垄断大宗商品市场的那些人所已经知道的:正是大摩JPM的大宗商品衍生品账本、主要是在到期期限<1年的那一栏,从仅仅1310亿美元爆发到一个庞大的前所未见的3.8万亿美元!
What we found is what those who have for years accused JPM of cornering the commodity markets, have known: because it is none other than JPMorgan's Commodity derivative book primarily in the <1 maturity bucket, which exploded from just $131 billion to a gargantuan and never before seen $3.8 trillion!  
    
  事实上,正如下面图表显示,虽然历史上,在所有美国商业银行持有大宗商品(衍生品)总量中,大摩JPM占比仅堪堪高于50%,但在一季度,这个数字飙升至大气平流层高度的96%,以任何人的标准来看都绝对是垄断市场!
In fact as the chart below shows, while historically JPM has accounted for just over 50% of total commodity holdings among all US commercial banks, in the Q1 this number soared to a stratospheric 96% which by anybody's standards is the very definition of cornering the market!
  
  
  我们不知道是什么促使大摩JPM的衍生品账本飙升到这样一个前所未见的规模,但这个数字从绝对和相对的角度来看,都肯定是异常的,尤其是考虑到没有其他银行以相同激情来提高它们各自的衍生品账本。
We don't know what prompted JPM's derivative book to soar to such a never before seen amount, but the number most certainly looks abnormal on both an absolute and a relative basis, especially considering that no other banks boosted their particular derivative book with the same vigor.  
  
  这是怎么回事呢?So what is going on here?  
  
  我们遇到了一些甚至更加困惑的事情,我们决定继续深挖下去。因为在以往的季度更新中,OCC都会把外汇和黄金区分开来作为单独的衍生品类别,正如下面的第四季度更新的最近图表…
We decided to dig down some more when we encountered something even more perplexing. Because whereas in previous quarterly updates, the OCC broke out the FX and Gold categories as separate derivative items as seen in this most recent chart from the Q4 update...  

    
  …但在一季度,再次很令人费解的,OCC决定把这两个产品合并在一起,从而使得对于黄金衍生品名义总额的任何可信任的观察,都不可能!但是,根据前主席伯南克的观点,黄金可以是任何东西、但绝不是货币:OCC突然不同意那个评估了吗?
... in Q1, once again quite inexplicably, the OCC decided to lump these two products together, thus making any credible observation about the total notional outstanding of just gold derivatives, impossible! But wait, we thought that according to former Chairman Bernanke, gold anything but currency: is the OCC suddenly disagreeing with that assessment?  

  
  此外,在以前历次OCC公布的表9中,黄金衍生品名义规模是按到期期限而单独分类的,正如在下面这个2014年Q4的表中可以看到的:
Furthermore, while in all previous iterations of the OCC's Table 9, gold derivative notionals by maturity were explicitly broken out as can be seen in this Q4, 2014 table below:  
  
  从2015年一季度开始,表9中的“黄金”部分已不复存在(尽管我们仍可看到,虽然大摩JPM垄断了“大宗商品”,却是花旗的“贵金属”衍生品名义总量经历了一个巨大的跳跃,也是不知何故)。
Starting in Q1, 2015 the "gold" section in Table 9 no longer exists (although we can see that while JPM cornered "commodities", it was Citi that had its total derivative notional of "precious metals" undergo a massive jump, also for reasons unknown).  

    
  你几乎可以认为,是美国货币监查署OCC应美国商业银行的要求而隐藏着某些东西。因此,尽管出于某些无法解释的原因,我们不再知道黄金衍生品总额是多少,但我们知道外汇和黄金的(衍生品)总量达到历史最高。
One would almost think the OCC is hiding something as the demand of US commercial banks. So while we no longer know what just total gold derivatives outstanding is, for some unexplained, reason, we do know that the combined total of FX and gold just hit an all time high.  
 
   
* * *  
  
  同时,尽管OCC尽其所能——通过跟外汇合并在一起——掩盖了“黄金”栏目,它仍然保留了“贵金属”栏目,尽管我们认为这也将很快被汇总到外汇和黄金一起。
And while the OCC did all it could to mask the "gold" line item by lumping it with FX, it still kept "Precious Metals" as is, although we assume that this too will be lumped with FX and gold shortly.  
  
  关于美国商业银行在贵金属领域的活动,下面这个图表才是真正显露某些东西很奇怪的。
It is this chart that shows something is truly odd when it comes to the US commercial bank industry's activity in the precious metals space.  

    
  总之,这是我们所知道的:在一季度,大摩JPM垄断了大宗商品衍生品市场,其衍生品总敞口超过4万亿美元,在一个季度内从2260亿美元增加了1691%!
So in summary, this is what we do know: in Q1, JPM cornered the commodity derivative market, with a total derivative exposure of just over of $4 trillion, an increase ot 1,691% from just $226 billion in one quarter!  
  
  我们所不知道的是:
  为什么OCC决定将黄金与外汇合并、而实际抹掉了黄金衍生品的细目列表?
  为什么(包括黄金在内的)贵金属(衍生品)合约总量在一个季度内增加了237%,从224亿美元到756亿美元?
What we don't know is:
    why did the OCC decide to effectively eliminate its gold derivative breakdown by lumping it with FX,
    why there was a 237% increase in the total amount of precious metals (which include gold) contracts in the quarter, from $22.4 billion to $75.6 billion  
  
  我们已经给货币监查署OCC发了一封邮件请求急需澄清,虽然我们并不指望获得回音。
We have sent an email requesting much needed clarification from the Office of the Currency Comptroller, although we are not holding our breath.
  
Source: OCC’s Quarterly Report on Bank Trading and Derivatives Activities  First Quarter 2015  
  
[网评] This illegal activity will certainly be dealt with promptly and severely now that JPM just hired a new "Chief Compliance Officer."……Oh wait... the new hire is Eric Holder! 这个非法活动当然将会得到迅速严肃处理,现在大摩JPM刚刚聘用了一个新的“首席督察长”……噢,等等,这个新雇员是(臭名昭著的美国前任总检察长)Eric Holder 
  
   
  不难推测:我们已经知道黄金曾在一月份有一波大涨行情、但随后在2~3月份就急剧掉头大跌,当时消息面基本上是平静的(这个只是本博目前感觉、当时确实没什么影响贵金属的大事件、也不应当是去年11月初的瑞士公投的余波),那么可想而知——结合上述的以花旗为首的华尔街银行在一季度的贵金属衍生品持仓大幅飙升——或许我们可以猜到是怎么回事……  
   

 

最近:  美国经济数据的疑云:新屋销售与就业数据(又是它)   千帆竞发的网易博客 
   
   大盘后市会如何发展?上证指数此轮牛市是否夭折?下一个高点或低点目标在哪里?创业板后市会如何发展?创业板此轮大牛市的终极目标在哪里?牛市已过半山腰——还有多少牛股可以上涨多少后市该如何选股、如何操作?  
  连续大跌,哪些个股值得布局吸纳?弱势反弹,哪些个股具有领涨潜力?纷繁庞杂的各路信息资讯,该相信哪一个、是馅饼还是陷阱?券商研报目标价可信吗? 小店“
轻松投资与品质保健的宝贝(宝贝-1:目标价EXCEL表格宝贝-2:大智慧画线)将让您的股票投资变得相当轻松、信心大增,并有助于资产稳健提升、尤其能快速丰富您的股票知识和交易技术。 
    
   

 

★花旗集团将是下一个AIG?  
 (2015-01-05)    千帆竞发   
  今天,在(2008年先后消灭了两大竞争对手之后的)高盛提议将大摩JPM进行自愿拆分的背景下,我们例行查看了OCC货币审查署的4大银行持有衍生品名义总额,我们发现了一些惊人的东西:使用最新的刚刚发布的(2014年)三季度OCC数据,大摩JPM已不再是美国的无可争议的衍生品之王。嗯,尽管它在控股集团层面仍然是的,它以65.5万亿美元的衍生品名义总额仍然名列第一;但是往下一个级别,即联邦存款保险委员会FDIC担保的商业银行(全美协会N.A.)层面,出现某种令人不安的情况。这样的:
  
  上面的图表,即OCC三季度报告(PDF)中的表1,显示了花旗集团(Citigroup)、或更恰当的说是其FDIC担保的花旗银行N.A.实体,刚刚超越大摩JPM、成为美国的持有最大规模衍生品总量的单一实体。此外,正如下面的图表显示,当其它银行都在降低其资产负债表风险之际,花旗不但在(2014)二季度增加了1万亿美元的衍生品资产总额,而且猛的、甚至创记录的、在刚刚结束的三季度里增加了9万亿美元到70.2万亿美元!
    
  
  请看美国四大银行的对比:
    
  
  什么原因导致其衍生品总敞口激增呢?是期货、期权、远期、或CDS信用违约互换吗?都不是。答案是:场外掉期交易……
  
  
  …在Q2飙升了5万亿美元、而在Q3飙升超过8万亿美元——或仅在一个季度就迅猛飙升20%——达到庞大的49万亿美元,比大摩JPM或高盛(Goldman Sachs)持有的场外掉期多出超过16万亿美元、并且是美洲银行BOA持有掉期总量的两倍多!
    
  
  这还不是全部:也许最奇怪的是,花旗银行是唯一的在其控股集团层面反而持有更少衍生品、或64.8万亿美元,而其FDIC担保的N.A.运营实体持有70.3万亿美元的衍生产品名义敞口。而这在(2014)二季度时还不是这样子的,当时HoldCo控股集团持有(61.8万亿美元)衍生品、超过花旗银行(61.1万亿美元)持仓。
      
  
  然后我们开始思考:  花旗……互换……花旗……互换……  
    
  突然灵光一闪,因为我们记起来,不是别人、正是花旗集团,精心制订了互换排斥条款的法案并在国会获得两党一致的丝毫未变的通过并把美利坚纳税人捆绑到FDIC担保的衍生品敞口的钩子上——花旗自身是截至2014年9月30日飙升到70万亿美元的大钩子:it was none other than Citigroup that crafted the legislation on the swaps push-out provision which passed Congress without nary a peep from either side of the aisle, and which put taxpayers on the hook for FDIC-insured derivative exposure - and in Citi's own case a soaring $70 trillion as of September 30, 2014:【下面这个条款(d)其实是在条款(a)的基础上为华尔街银行网开一面(以对冲风险的名义、以及非结构型融资或用于对冲的结构型融资)极尽可能地从事掉期互换业务
  
  
  我们还透露,不足为奇的,该法案的主要支持者推动者就是臭名昭著的华尔街傀儡Jim Himes (D-Conn.康州民主党)。《商业周刊》称其为“华尔街最喜欢的民主党人”,而他碰巧也是高盛(Goldman Sachs)前雇员
    
  
  然而,尽管这些关键的回忆,很多问题依然存在,譬如:
  
· 为什么FDIC担保的花旗银行突然拥有比HoldCo控股集团更多的衍生品名义敞口?这通常是没有先例的呀。
  
· 当4大银行的其他每一个都在降低资产负债表风险、并按照更严格的资本要求而减少衍生品敞口之时,为什么花旗集团(Citigroup)却以一个前所未有的狂热的速度增加其衍生品名义总额和掉期互换敞口、以至于一个季度内就提高了20%的场外掉期持仓?
  
· 当国会对掉期排斥法案进行投票时,OCC第三季度数据尚未公开。国会是否有人知悉,截至9月30日大约9万亿美元已被添加到纳税人担保的花旗银行衍生品持仓的账目里。
  
· 花旗集团和花旗银行截至12月31日的所有衍生品和所有掉期总敞口是多少,它继续以每季度大约10万亿美元的速度飙升吗?
  
  而或许最重要的:当波动性攀升迫使所有其他银行进行掉期平仓、以最小化VaR来符合美联储规定资本金要求的时候,有什么潜在交易迫使花旗继续增加其掉期敞口吗?
And perhaps most impotantly: what is the underlying trade that requires Citigroup to keep adding to its swap exposure at a time when increasing volatility is forcing all other banks to unwind swaps in order to minimize VaR and be in compliance with Fed capitalization requirements?    
  
  然后另一个灵光闪现在我们脑海:最近上一次这样干的某个实体【参见伦敦鲸覆灭全解析--摩根大通巨亏背后】。。。是摩根大通JPM在2013年初,就在其“伦敦鲸”交易崩溃前夕、该银行试图垄断操纵IG9市场而悲惨失败之前,随后,大摩JPM的首席投资部CIO交易组缩减了一半、然后再折半、并且又好几次折半其衍生品敞口直到只有数千亿……之后这一切都崩溃了。
  
  现在,我们并不认为花旗集团,就会跟大摩JPM臭名昭著的导致国会听证会的CIO是走在同一条路上——尤其并不认为(大摩JPM)2500亿美元是可控的、而(花旗)50万亿美元就不会是可控的——但我们确实疑惑:如果花旗正在按照“伦敦鲸”故事书的每一页在进展,并且首要的是它还不得不去游说和请求国会来修改法律、从而不管它花旗集团(Citigroup)在做什么它都可以继续去做尤其还有更重要的是:有明确的纳税人资金的支撑那么在这巨额杠杆的幕后,究竟有什么在发生?
Now, we are not saying Citigroup is in the same boat as JPM's infamous CIO which led to congressional hearings and what not - especially since $250 billion was manageable; $50 trillion will not be - but we do wonder: just what is going on behind the massivaly margined scenes if Citi is following every page in the London Whale book and on top of everything it also had to lobby and petition Congress to change the law just so whatever it is that Citigroup is doing, it could continue to do, and what's more: with explicit taxpayer-funded backing.
  
  于是我们最后的问题是:花旗集团将会成为“新常态”下的美国国际集团(AIG)吗?  
  【旁注:引发2008金融危机的2007次贷危机当中,AIG可谓是罪魁祸首,开发并持有大量的次贷CDO产品,从而造成巨额亏损、并最终胁迫美国政府给予大规模救助(由美国老百姓买单、同时AIG高管却滥用和享受着政府救助金、AIG前任总裁M.R.Greenberg似乎也是金融共济会大佬),可参见网文AIG在次贷危机中所扮演的角色及其启示》】     
[网评] Well, this is just great. Had a discussion with my colleagues today how crappy this whole economic "science" is. Some folks have spent dozens of years writing economics books, students spend years studying supply and demand etc. I mean, for god's sake, look at the oil price and try to define the moves with supply/demand or any other bull**it. The bottom line is that when some folks want Citi or oil price to go down then they will go down. We, including myself, are just useful idiots as one guy long time ago said. But at least it is nice to make a smart face and try to look like we know what is going on.  

 

     

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