The House of the Temple
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_the_Temple
General information
Architectural style American Neoclassicism 建筑风格 美国新古典主义
Address 地址 1733 16th St NW
Town or city Washington, D.C. 华盛顿特区
Country United States 美国
Coordinates 坐标 38.9138°N 77.0359°WCoordinates: 38.9138°N 77.0359°W
Construction started October 18, 1911 开工1911年10月18日
Completed October 18, 1915 完工1915年10月18日
Client Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 共济会的苏格兰礼
Design and construction 设计与施工
Architect John Russell Pope 建筑师 约翰·拉塞尔·波普
The House of the Temple is a Masonic temple in Washington, D.C., United States that serves as the headquarters of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, U.S.A. (officially, "Home of The Supreme Council, 33°, Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, Washington D.C., U.S.A.")
It is located at 1733 16th Street, N.W., in the Dupont Circle neighborhood. The full name of the Supreme Council is "The Supreme Council (Mother Council of the World) of the Inspectors General Knights Commander of the House of the Temple of Solomon of the Thirty-third degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America."
寺庙的家是一个共济会圣殿华盛顿特区，美国充当共济，南管辖权，美国（正式，“故乡的最高委员会，33°，古代和接受苏格兰教的苏格兰教的总部共济会，南管辖权，美国华盛顿特区“）的
它位于1733第16大街，NW，在杜邦环岛附近。最高委员会的全称是“最高理事会（世界之母委员会）检查员的共济会的古代和接受苏格兰教的第三十三度的所罗门圣殿的房子的总指挥官骑士美利坚合众国南管辖权。“
History 历史
On May 31, 1911, 110 years after the founding of the Supreme Council, Grand Commander James D. Richardson broke ground on the spot where the House of the Temple now stands in Washington, D.C. Grand Master J. Claude Keiper, of the Grand Lodge of the District of Colombia, laid the cornerstone in the northeast corner on October 18, 1911.[1]
The temple was designed by noted architect John Russell Pope, who modeled it after the tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.[2] The building was dedicated four years later on October 18, 1915.
The building's design was widely praised by contemporary architects, and it won Pope the Gold Medal of the Architectural League of New York in 1917. In his 1920 book L'Architecture aux Etatis-Unis, French architect Jacques Gréber described it as "a monument of remarkable sumptuousness ... the ensemble is an admirable study of antique architecture stamped with a powerful dignity." Fiske Kimball's 1928 book American Architecture describes it as "an example of the triumph of classical form in America". In the 1920s, a panel of architects named it "one of the three best public buildings" in the United States, along with the Nebraska State Capitol and the Pan American Union Building in Washington, D.C. In 1932, it was ranked as one of the ten top buildings in the country in a poll of federal government architects.[3]
Confederate general and former Sovereign Grand Commander Albert Pike was the author of an 1871 book called Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, a book that describes in detail the 33 ranks of Freemasonry, the stories and teachings associated with each rank, the rituals connected to each rank, and other lodge proceedings. In 1944, the remains of Albert Pike were removed from Oak Hill Cemetery in the Georgetown section of Washington, DC and placed in the House of the Temple. The remains of Past Grand Commander John Henry Cowles were entombed in the temple in 1952, after his 31 year reign as Grand Commander. The Temple also holds one of the largest collections of materials related to Scottish poet and Freemason Robert Burns in its library, the first public library in Washington, D.C.[2]
The House of the Temple is designated as a contributing property to the Sixteenth Street Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[4]
From 1990 to 2011, the temple hosted a community garden on its grounds. The Temple Garden occupied about 0.25-acre (1,000 m2), divided into about 70 small plots worked by nearby residents.[5] In fall 2011, the Temple closed the garden in order to use the space to stage construction equipment for a rehabilitation project.[6]
于1911年5月31日，最高委员会的成立110年后，大司令詹姆斯·理查森破土动工，其中庙院目前停留的大旅馆在华盛顿特区大师J·克劳德·恺博，现货哥伦比亚区，奠定了在东北角的基石，10月18日，1911年[1]
该庙是由著名建筑师约翰·罗素教皇，谁摩索拉斯的摩索拉斯，古代世界七大奇迹之一的陵墓仿照它的设计。[2]该建筑是专门四年后的1915年10月18日。
该建筑的设计广受当代建筑师的好评，并赢得了教皇纽约在1917年的建筑联盟的金牌在他1920年的书L'建筑辅助Etatis，紫光，法国建筑师雅克·Gréber形容为“一座丰碑卓越的阔绰......乐团是仿古建筑加盖了强大的尊严的令人钦佩的研究。“费斯克Kimball的1928本书美国建筑描述为“古典形式在美国取得胜利的一个例子”。在20世纪20年代，建筑师组成的小组将它命名为美国“三大最佳公共建筑”之一，随着内布拉斯加州议会大厦和泛美联盟大厦位于华盛顿特区1932年，它被列为之一十大建筑，在全国联邦政府建筑的调查。[3]
同盟将军和前宗主大司令艾伯特派克是一个1871年的书的作者叫道德共济会的古代和接受苏格兰礼，一本书，详细描述的和教条的33个队伍共济会，与各职级相关联的故事和教导，礼仪连接到每个级别，和其他旅馆诉讼。 1944年，阿尔伯特·派克的遗体从橡树山公墓被拆除位于华盛顿特区的乔治城段，放在神殿的府。过去的大司令约翰·亨利·考尔斯的遗体被埋葬在寺庙于1952年，他31年的统治，作为盛大指挥官后。该庙还持有的材料在其图书馆与苏格兰诗人和洪门罗伯特·彭斯最大的收藏品之一，在华盛顿特区的第一个公共图书馆[2]
庙院被指定为特约属性第十六次街历史街区，列在历史的地方人口登记于1978年[4]
从1990年到2011年，寺庙主持其理由一个社区花园。该寺庙园林占据约0.25英亩（1,000平方米），分为由附近居民的工作约70小块。[5]在2011年秋季，该庙封闭的花园，以使用空间舞台搭建设备进行了修复项目[6]。
In popular culture 流行文化
In the 1951 science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still, the House of the Temple is in the background as a Washington, D.C., motorcycle cop vainly tries to start his engine.[citation needed]
In the 2009 novel The Lost Symbol by Dan Brown, the building is the setting for several key scenes.[7]
在1951年的科幻电影之日地球停转，寺庙的房子是在后台为华盛顿特区，摩托车警察徒劳地试图启动他的引擎。[来源请求]
在2009年的小说失落的符号由丹·布朗的建设是设置几个关键场景。[7]
